Peer-Reviewed Research Articles

Peer-Reviewed Research Articles
ORCiD | SSRN | Google Scholar
2025
Copyright Exceptions and Fair Use Defences for AI Training Done for 'Research' and 'Learning', or the Inescapable Licensing Horizon (2025) European Journal of Risk Regulation (in press)
(with S Sipetas), Upcycling under EU Copyright: From Infringement Risks to Protectability Considerations (2025) 47(8) European Intellectual Property Review 453-460
Infringing AI: Liability for AI-generated Outputs under International, EU, and UK Copyright Law (2025) European Journal of Risk Regulation - First View access https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2024.72 [cited in European Union Intellectual Property Office, The Development of Artificial Intelligence from a Copyright Perspective (May 2025), ISBN: 978-92-9156-369-2]
The Unavoidable CJEU Kwantum Judgment (2025) 20(4) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 270-274
The DSM Directive Five Years On (2025) 1/2025 NIR – NordisktImmateriellt Rättsskydd 34-46
2024
No Step-Free Copyright Exceptions: The Role of the Three-step in Defining Permitted Uses of Protected Content (including TDM for AI-Training Purposes) (10 November 2023) Stockholm Faculty of Law Research Paper Series No. 123; (2024) 46(5) European Intellectual Property Review 262-274
Assessment of the Belgian Additional Remuneration Rights for Authors and Performers (Articles 54 and 62 of the Law of 19 June 2022) in Light of EU Law (2024) 46(3) European Intellectual Property Review 143-149
2023
Study: The Localization of IP Infringements in the Online Environment: From Web 2.0 to Web 3.0 and the Metaverse (World Intellectual Property Organization:2023) and (2023) 18(10) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 720-742
Copyright Reformed: The Narrative of Flexibility and Its Pitfalls in Policy and Legislative Initiatives (2011 – 2021) (2023) 31(1) Asia Pacific Law Review 33-54
2022
From the Early Days of Harmonization to the DSM Directive 2019/790: Continuity and Complexity of the EU Copyright Framework (2022) 2021/3 Auteurs&Media 289-298
The Louboutin/Amazon Cases (C-148/21 and C-184/21) and Primary Liability under EU Trade Mark Law (2022) 44(7) European Intellectual Property Review 435-440
Round-Up of CJEU Copyright Decisions in 2021 (2022) 17(1) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 5-13
2021
Linking and Copyright in the Shade of VG Bild-Kunst (2021) 58(6) Common Market Law Review 1875-1894 [cited in European Union Intellectual Property Office, The Development of Artificial Intelligence from a Copyright Perspective (May 2025), ISBN: 978-92-9156-369-2]
Round-Up of CJEU Copyright Decisions in 2020 (2021) 16(6) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 527-533
Five Considerations for the Transposition and Application of Article 17 of the DSM Directive (2021) 16(3) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 265-270
2020
The Legal Nature of Article 17 of the Copyright DSM Directive, the (Lack of) Freedom of Member States and why the German Implementation Proposal is not Compatible with EU law (2020) 15(11) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 874-878
When Does a Communication to the Public under EU Copyright Law Need to Be to a ‘New Public’? (2020) 45(6) European Law Review 802-823 [cited in Advocate General's Opinion in VG Bild-Kunst, C-392/19, EU:C:2020:696]
Does the Duration of the Storage Matter? Live Streaming Providers as ‘Online Content Sharing Service Providers’ under Directive 2019/790 (2020) 42(10) European Intellectual Property Review 652-655
The Direct Liability of Online Intermediaries for IPR Infringements (2020) 1/2020 Stockholm IP Law Review 16-25
Round-Up of CJEU Copyright Decisions in 2019 (2020) 15(4) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 264-275
The Absolute Ground for Refusal or Invalidity in Article 7(1)(e)(iii) EUTMR / 4(1)(e)(iii) EUTMD: In Search of the Exclusion’s Own Substantial Value (2020) 15(2) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 103-122
What Does the European Commission Make of the EU Copyright Acquis When It Pleads Before the CJEU? The Legal Service’s Observations in Digital/Online Cases (2020) 45(1) European Law Review 67-99 [winner of the 2nd prize in the Professional Category of the ECTA AWARD 2020 competition]
Copyright as an Obstacle or an Enabler? A European Perspective on Text and Data Mining and its Role in the Development of AI Creativity (2020) 27(2) Asia Pacific Law Review 198-217
2019
Material, Personal and Geographic Scope of Online Intermediaries’ Removal Obligations beyond Glawischnig-Piesczek, C-18/18 and Defamation (2019) 41(11) European Intellectual Property Review 672-682
(with CM Rosati) Data-Based Case Law Applied to EU Copyright (1998-2018): A Quantitative Assessment (2019) 2019(3) Intellectual Property Quarterly 196-223
Brexit and Copyright: A Phyrric Victory (2019) 115 Intellectual Property Forum 62-65
2017
Non-Commercial Quotation and Freedom of Panorama: Useful and Lawful? (2017) 8(4) JIPITEC 311-321
The CJEU Pirate Bay Judgment and Its Impact on the Liability of Online Platforms (2017) 39(12) European Intellectual Property Review 737-748
The Monkey Selfie Case and The Concept of Authorship: An EU Perspective (2017) 12(12) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 973-978
GS Media and its Implications for the Construction of the Right of Communication to the Public within EU Copyright Architecture (2017) 54(4) Common Market Law Review 1221-1242
Intermediary IP Injunctions in the EU and UK Experiences: When Less (Harmonization) is More? (2017) 3(2017) GRUR Int 206-215
(with S Stalla-Bourdillon and Others) An Academic Perspective on the Copyright Reform (2017) 33(13) Computer Security Law Review 3-13
2016
Why a Reform of Hosting Providers’ Safe Harbour is Unnecessary under EU Copyright Law (2016) 38(11) European Intellectual Property Review 669-677
International Jurisdiction in Online EU Trade Mark Infringement Cases: Where is the Place of Infringement Located? (2016) 38(8) European Intellectual Property Review 482-491 [cited in Advocate General's Opinion in AMS Neve and Others, C-172/18, EU:C:2019:276]
Neighbouring Rights for Publishers: Are National (Possible) EU Initiatives Lawful? (2016) 47(5) International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 569-594 [cited in Advocate General's Opinion in Meta, C-797/23, EU:C:2025:552]
2015
(with R Arnold) Are National Courts the Addressees of the InfoSoc Three-Step Test? (2015) 10(10) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 741-749
Online Copyright Exhaustion in a Post-Allposters World (2015) 10(9) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 673-681
Just a Laughing Matter? Why the CJEU Decision in Deckmyn is Broader than Parody (2015) 52(2) Common Market Law Review 511-529
2014
Closed Subject-Matter Systems Are No Longer Compatible with EU Copyright (2014) 12 GRUR Int 1112-1118
Copyright in the EU: In Search of (In)Flexibilities (2014) 9(7) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 585-598 and 4 GRUR Int 419-428
2013
The Orphan Works Provisions of the ERR Act: Are They Compatible with UK and EU Laws? (2013) 35(12) European Intellectual Property Review 724-740
Software Usato ed Esaurimento: Un Approccio poco Soft in UsedSoft (2013) 84(1) Il Diritto di Autore 1-16
The Orphan Works Directive, or Throwing a Stone and Hiding the Hand (2013) 8(4) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 303-310
Towards an EU-Wide Copyright? (Judicial) Pride and (Legislative) Prejudice (2013) 1 Intellectual Property Quarterly 47-68
2012
(with CM Rosati) Copyright in Diagnostic Tests: Not Yet the End for Fair Use (2012) 7(7) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 510-514
2011
Originality in a Work, or a Work of Originality: The Effects of the Infopaq Decision (2011) 58(4) JCoprSocy 795-817, and 33(12) European Intellectual Property Review 746-755
The Hargreaves Report and Copyright Licensing: Can National Initiatives Work Per Se? (2011) 33(11) European Intellectual Property Review 673-676
Trade Marks with a Reputation: A Flow Chart Analysis of the Legal Scenario Following Intel and L'Oréal (2011) 6(3) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 155-160
2010
The Wittem Group and the Project of a European Copyright Code (2010) 5(12) Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 862-868
Originality in US and UK Copyright Experiences as a Springboard for an EU-Wide Reform Debate (2010) 5 International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 524-543

Peer-Reviewed Research Articles

ORCiD | SSRN | Google Scholar