Selected Academic Publications

2020

1. The Legal Nature of Article 17 of the Copyright DSM Directive, the (Lack of) Freedom of Member States and why the German Implementation Proposal is not Compatible with EU law (2020) 15(11) JIPLP 874-878

2. When Does a Communication to the Public under EU Copyright Law Need to Be to a ‘New Public’? (2020) 45(6) EL Rev 802-823 [cited in Advocate General's Opinion in VG Bild-Kunst, C-392/19, EU:C:2020:696]

3. Does the Duration of the Storage Matter? Live Streaming Providers as ‘Online Content Sharing Service Providers’ under Directive 2019/790 (2020) 42(10) EIPR 652-655

4. The Direct Liability of Online Intermediaries for IPR Infringements (2020) 1/2020 Stockholm IP Law Review 16-25

5. Round-Up of CJEU Copyright Decisions in 2019 (2020) 15(49 JIPLP 264-275

6. The Absolute Ground for Refusal or Invalidity in Article 7(1)(e)(iii) EUTMR/4(1)(e)(iii) EUTMD: In Search of the Exclusion’s Own Substantial Value (2020) 15(2) JIPLP 103-122

7. What Does the European Commission Make of the EU Copyright Acquis When It Pleads Before the CJEU? The Legal Service’s Observations in Digital/Online Cases (2020) 45(1) EL Rev 67-99 [winner of the 2nd prize in the Professional Category of the ECTA AWARD 2020 competition]

8. Copyright as an Obstacle or an Enabler? A European Perspective on Text and Data Mining and its Role in the Development of AI Creativity (2020) 27(2) APLR 198-217

1. Material, Personal and Geographic Scope of Online Intermediaries’ Removal Obligations beyond Glawischnig-Piesczek, C-18/18 and Defamation (2019) 41(11) EIPR 672-682

2. (with CM Rosati) Data-Based Case Law Applied to EU Copyright (1998-2018): A Quantitative Assessment (2019) 2019(3) IPQ 196-223

3. Brexit and Copyright: A Phyrric Victory (2019) 115 Intellectual Property Forum 62-65

1. Non-Commercial Quotation and Freedom of Panorama: Useful and Lawful? (2017) 8(4) JIPITEC 311-321
2. The CJEU Pirate Bay Judgment and Its Impact on the Liability of Online Platforms (2017) 39(12) EIPR 737-748
3. The Monkey Selfie Case and The Concept of Authorship: An EU Perspective (2017) 12(12) JIPLP 973-978
4. GS Media and its Implications for the Construction of the Right of Communication to the Public within EU Copyright Architecture (2017) 54(4) CMLRev 1221-1242
5. Intermediary IP Injunctions in the EU and UK Experiences: When Less (Harmonization) is More? (2017) 3(2017) GRUR Int 206-215
6. (with S Stalla-Bourdillon and Others) An Academic Perspective on the Copyright Reform (2017) 33(13) CSLR 3-13

1. Why a Reform of Hosting Providers’ Safe Harbour is Unnecessary under EU Copyright Law (2016) 38(11) EIPR 669-677
2. International Jurisdiction in Online EU Trade Mark Infringement Cases: Where is the Place of Infringement Located? (2016) 38(8) EIPR 482-491 [cited in Advocate General's Opinion in AMS Neve and Others, C-172/18, EU:C:2019:276]
3. Neighbouring Rights for Publishers: Are National (Possible) EU Initiatives Lawful? (2016) 47(5) IIC 569-594 

1. (with R Arnold) Are National Courts the Addressees of the InfoSoc Three-Step Test? (2015) 10(10) JIPLP 741-749
2. Online Copyright Exhaustion in a Post-Allposters World (2015) 10(9) JIPLP 673-681
3. Just a Laughing Matter? Why the CJEU Decision in Deckmyn is Broader than Parody (2015) 52(2) CML Rev 511-529

1. Closed Subject-Matter Systems Are No Longer Compatible with EU Copyright (2014) 12 GRUR Int 1112-1118
2. Copyright in the EU: In Search of (In)Flexibilities (2014) 9(7) JIPLP 585-598 and 4 GRUR Int 419-428

1. The Orphan Works Provisions of the ERR Act: Are They Compatible with UK and EU Laws? (2013) 35(12) EIPR 724-740
2. Software Usato ed Esaurimento: Un Approccio poco Soft in UsedSoft (2013) 84(1) Il Diritto di Autore 1-16
3. The Orphan Works Directive, or Throwing a Stone and Hiding the Hand (2013) 8(4) JIPLP 303-310
4. Towards an EU-Wide Copyright? (Judicial) Pride and (Legislative) Prejudice (2013) 1 IPQ 47-68

1. (with CM Rosati) Copyright in Diagnostic Tests: Not Yet the End for Fair Use (2012) 7(7) JIPLP  510-514

1. Originality in a Work, or a Work of Originality: The Effects of the Infopaq Decision (2011) 58(4) JCoprSocy 795-817, and 33(12) EIPR 746-755
2. The Hargreaves Report and Copyright Licensing: Can National Initiatives Work Per Se? (2011) 33(11) EIPR 673-676
3. Trade Marks with a Reputation: A Flow Chart Analysis of the Legal Scenario Following Intel and L'Oréal (2011) 6(3) JIPLP 155-160

1. The Wittem Group and the Project of a European Copyright Code (2010) 5(12) JIPLP 862-868
2. Originality in US and UK Copyright Experiences as a Springboard for an EU-Wide Reform Debate (2010) 5 IIC 524-543

2020

1. What’s in One’s Own Image (Right)? (2020) 15(1) JIPLP 1

1. Aesthetic Functionality and the EU Trade Mark System: The Substantial Value of the Substantial Value Absolute Ground (2019) 14(12) JIPLP 915-916

2. Lost in (Mis-)Translation: When IP law Doesn’t Always Mean what It Says (2019) 14(8) JIPLP 587-588

3. Copyright in CJEU Case Law: What Legacy? (2019) 14(2) JIPLP 79

1. Internal and External Control Mechanisms for Intellectual Property Rights: Between a Rock and a Hard Place? (2018) 1(2) Stockholm Intellectual Property Law Review  4
2. The Year in EU Copyright: Is the Right Approach an Emotional Approach? (2018) 13(12) JIPLP 923
3. Fashion and IP: In Search of the Perfect Fit (2018) 13(11) JIPLP 843
4. Intermediaries and IP: 5 Key Principles of EU Law (2018) 16/2018 GRUR Prax 367-369
5. Why Originality in Copyright is not and should not be a Meaningless Requirement (2018) 13(8) JIPLP 597-598
6. An EU Text and Data Mining Exception for the Few: Would It Make Sense? (2018) 13(6) JIPLP 429-430

1. Why the CJEU Cheese Copyright Case is Anything but Cheesy (2017) 12(10) JIPLP 813-814

1. Brexit and UK Copyright: The Story of a Loss among All Other Losses (2016) 11(8) JIPLP 563-564

1. Are EU Policy-Makers Fighting the Right Copyright Battles? (2015) 10(9) JIPLP 651 
2. 2015: The Year of Blocking Injunctions? (2015) 10(3) JIPLP 147

1. Do Ask, Do Tell, Do Nothing: The EU Commission and All Those Copyright Consultations (2014) 9(10) JIPLP 785  
2. Luxembourg, We Have a Problem: Where Have the Advocates General Gone? (2014) 9(8) JIPLP 619

1. The German ‘Google Tax’ Law: Groovy or Greedy? (2013) 8(7) JIPLP 497

2020

1. Branderella: Trade Marks and Fictional Characters, in Y Basire (ed) Propriété Intellectuelle et Pop Culture (2020: LexisNexis, coll. IRPI), 23-40
2. The Direct Liability of Intermediaries, in GF Frosio (ed) The Oxford Handbook of Intermediary Liability Online (OUP:2020), 335-348
3. E-Books/Mass Digitization Projects – The Role of Licensing, in T Aplin (ed) Research Handbook on Intellectual Property and Digital Technologies (Edward Elgar:2020), 200-215

1. Linking and Copyright: Easier at Last? First national applications of the CJEU GS Media judgment, in T Synodinou - P Jougleux - C Markou - T Prastitou (eds) EU Internet Law in the Digital Era (Springer: 2019), 61-78

1. To What Extent Do Current Exclusions and Limitations to Copyright Strike a Fair Balance between the Rights of Owners and Fair Use by Private Individuals and Others? - UK Report, in B Kilpatrick - P Kobel - P Këllezi (eds) Antitrust Analysis of Online Sales Platforms & Copyright Limitations and Exceptions (Springer:2018), 583-602
2. IP Disputes Suitable for Mediation: Copyright, in S Bonne - G Humphreys - T Margellos - S Stürmann (eds), Mediation: Creating (and Distributing) Value in International IP Disputes (Kluwer International:2018), 87-94
3. L’Opérateur de Plateforme en Ligne et les Droit d’Auteur - Regulating the Transmission of Digital Content through Copyright, in J Senechal - S Stalla-Bourdillon (eds) Rôle et Responsabilité Juridiques des Plateformes en Ligne: Approche(s) Transversale(s) ou Approches Sectorielles? (IRJS Editions:2018), 155-166

1. Inibitoria o Risarcimento? (2017), in LC Ubertazzi (ed), AIDA 2017, 461-467 

1. The Idea/Expression Dichotomy: Friend or Foe? in R Watt (ed), Research Handbook on the Economics of Copyright (Edward Elgar Publishing:2014) 51-76

2020

1. CJEU Rules that Notion of ‘Address’ in the Enforcement Directive is Limited to One’s Own Postal Address (2020) 15(1) JIPLP 779-781 (Constantin Film Verleih GmbH v YouTube LLC and Google Inc., C-264/19, EU:C:2020:542)

2. Italian Supreme Court Applies CJEU Cofemel Decision to Makeup Store Layout (2020) 15(7) JIPLP 501-502 (Italian Supreme Court (Corte Suprema di Cassazione), Wycon S.p.A. v Kiko S.p.A., decision 780/2020)

3. US Court Rules that Unlicensed Reproduction of NBA Players' Tattoos in Their Videogame Avatars is not a Copyright Infringement (2020) 15(5) JIPLP 318-319 (United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, Solid Oak Sketches, LLC v 2K Games, Inc. and Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc., 16-CV-724-LTS-SDA, 26 March 2020)

4. Italian Court Rules against Dolce&Gabbana in a Case Concerning Unauthorized Use of Maradona’s Name on a Jersey (2020) 15(3) JIPLP 160 (Milan Court of First Instance, case 41088/2017, decision 11374/2019, 9 December 2019)

1. CJEU Limits Scope of De-Referencing in Right to be Forgotten Cases to the EU Territory, but Leaves the Door Open for National Global Orders (2019) 23 Media & Arts Law Review 307-309 (Google LLC, successor in law to Google Inc. v Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), C-507/17, EU:C:2019:772)

2. CJEU Rules that Copyright Protection for Designs Only Requires Sufficient Originality (2019) 14(12 JIPLP 931-932 (Cofemel – Sociedade de Vestuário SA v G-Star Raw CV, C-683/17, EU:C:2019:721)

3. Targeting Accepted as a Criterion to Establish International Jurisdiction in Online EU Trade Mark Infringement Cases (2019) 14(12) JIPLP 926-927 (AMS Neve Ltd and Others v Heritage Audio SL and Pedro Rodríguez Arribas, C-172/18, EU:C:2019:674)

4. General Court Finds 'CHIARA FERRAGNI' Not Confusingly Similar to 'CHIARA' (2019) 14(9) JIPLP 659-660 (Serendipity Srl and Others v EUIPO, T-647/17, EU:T:2019:73, 8 February 2019)

5. CJEU Excludes Retroactive Application of Reformed Language of Article 7(1)(e)(iii) of the EU Trade Mark Regulation and Does Not Clarify What ‘Another Characteristic’ Means (2019) 14(8) JIPLP 590-592 (Textilis Ltd and Ozgur Keskin v Svenskt Tenn Aktiebolag, C-21/18, EU:C:2019:199, 14 March 2019)

6. US Court Refuses to Grant Summary Judgment in Favour of Beyoncé over FEYONCÉ Products (2019) 14(1) JIPLP 8-10 (Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter, et al., v. Feyoncé, Inc. et al., 16-CV-2532 (AJN))

1. CJEU Rules on Standing of Collecting Societies and Safe Harbour Availability (2018) 13(12) JIPLP 937-939 (Coöperatieve Vereniging SNB-REACT U.A. v Deepak Mehta, C-521/17, EU:C:2018:639)
2. UK Supreme Court Holds that Intermediaries Have to Bear No Costs of Injunctions Against Them (2018) 13(12) JIPLP 933-935 (Cartier International AG & Ors v British Telecommunications Plc & Anor [2018] UKSC 28 (13 June 2018))
3. Milan Court Applies Nintendo v Big Ben in Fast Fashion Lawsuit against ZARA (2018) 13(11) JIPLP 856-857 (Tribunale di Milano, Diesel spa and Others v Zara Italia srl and Others, case No 22303/2016, decision No 5390/2018, 15 May 2018)
4. Not Sufficiently 'Transformative' Appropriation of a Photograph Held Infringing by French Court (2018) 13(7) JIPLP 525-526 (Cour d’Appel de Versailles, Alix Malka v Peter Klasen, 1ère chamber 1ère section, RG No 15/06029, 16 March 2018)
5. Milan Court Finds Trade Mark Infringement and Unfair Competition in Biscuit-Shaped Cushions (2018) 13(7) JIPLP 520-521 (Court of First Instance of Milan, Barilla G and Another v Italy Fashion srl and Another, decision 830/2018, 25 January 2018)
6. AG Szpunar Confirms that There is a Way Out of Invalidation for the Louboutin Red Sole Trade Mark (2018) 13(7) JIPLP 518-520 (Opinion of Advocate General Maciej Szpunar in Christian Louboutin, Christian Louboutin SAS v Van Haren Schoenen BV, C-163/16, EU:C:2018:64)
7. General Court Confirms that ‘La Mafia se Sienta a la Mesa’ Cannot Be a Trade Mark on Public Policy Grounds (2018) 13(6) JIPLP 432-434 (La Mafia Franchises, SL v European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), T‑1/17, not yet published, 15 March 2018)

1. Italian Supreme Court Confirms Eligibility of TV Formats for Copyright Protection (2017) 12(12) JIPLP 968-969 (RTI Reti Televisive Italiane Spa v Ruvido Produzioni Srl, decision 18633/17 (27 July 2017))
2. Italian Supreme Court Rules that Mere Reproduction of Vespa Image May Amount to Counterfeiting (2017) 12(7) JIPLP 537-538 (Cassazione penale, 5th Section, 17 March 2017, No 13078)
3. CJEU Clarifies Scope of ‘Access to Cable of Broadcasting Services’ in Article 9 of the InfoSoc Directive (2017) 12(6) JIPLP 457-459 (ITV Broadcasting Limited and Others v TVCatchup Limited (in administration), C-275/15, EU:C:2017:144)

1. Arnold J Rules that Shape of KitKat Chocolate Bar Cannot Be Registered as a Trade Mark (2016) 11(8) JIPLP 577-578 (Société des Produits Nestlé SA v Cadbury UK Ltd [2016] EWHC 50 (Ch))
2. CJEU Links Fair Compensation in Articles 5(2)(a) and (b) of the InfoSoc Directive to Actual Harm Requirement (2016) 11(3) JIPLP 167-170 (Hewlett-Packard Belgium SPRL v Reprobel SCRL, Epson Europe BV intervening, C-572/13, EU:C:2015:750)
3. General Court Says that Extended Passing Off may Prevent Trade Mark Registration (2016) 11(2) JIPLP 79-80  (Tilda Riceland Private Ltd v Office for Harmonisation in Internal Market (Trade Marks and Designs) (OHIM), T-136/14,EU:T:2015:734)
4. CJEU Says that Mere Recognition/Association is not Sufficient to Prove Acquired Distinctiveness (2016) 11(2) JIPLP 77-79 (Société des Produits Nestlé SA v Cadbury UK Ltd, C-215/14,EU:C:2015:604)

1. Beatles Documentary Reproducing Twelve Songs in their Entirety is not Fair Use (2015) 10(10) JIPLP 736-737 (Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC & Another v WPMC Ltd & Another [2015] EWHC 1853 (Ch))
2. High Court Issues Blocking Order against Popcorn Time (2015) 10(8) JIPLP 585-586 (Twentieth Century Fox and Others v Sky UK Limited and Others [2015] EWHC 1082 (Ch))
3. CJEU Says that Unauthorised Hyperlinks to  Live TV Broadcasts Are Not Infringements Under the InfoSoc Directive (2015) 10(8) JIPLP 582-583 (C More Entertainment AB v Linus Sandberg, C-279/13, EU:C:2015:199)
4. CJEU Says that Copyright Exhaustion only Applies to the Tangible Support of a Work (2015) 10(5) JIPLP 329-330 (Art & Allposters International BV v Stichting Pictoright, C-419/13, EU:C:2015:27)
5. CJEU Rules on Notion of Parody (But It Will Not Be Funny for National Courts) (2015) 10(2) JIPLP 80-82 (Johan Deckmyn and Another v Helena Vandersteen and Others, C-201/13, EU:C:2014:2132)
6. OSA (the Czech Spa case): Article 102 TFEU as a Means to Attack Excessive Copyright Fees of Collecting Societies? (2015) 6(2) JECLAP 96-97 (OSA – Ochranný svaz autorský pro práva k dílům hudebním os v Léčebné lázně Mariánské Lázně as, C-351/12, EU:C:2014:110)
7. CJEU Says that Member States May Grant Public Libraries the Right to Digitise Works in their Collections (2015) 10(1) JIPLP 6-8 (Technische Universität Darmstadt v Eugen Ulmer KG, C-117/13, EU:C:2014:2196)

1. CJEU Rules that Private Copying Exception May Only Apply to Reproductions from Licensed Sources (2014) 9(9) JIPLP  710-711 (ACI Adam BV and Others v Stichting de Thuiskopie and Stichting Onderhandelingen Thuiskopie vergoeding, C-435/12, EU:C:2014:254)
2. CJEU on Communication to the Public and National Systems of Collective Rights Management (2014) 9(8) JIPLP 630-631 (OSA – Ochranný svaz autorský pro práva k dílům hudebním os v Léčebné lázně Mariánské Lázně as, C-351/12, EU:C:2014:110)
3. Google Books Library Project is Fair Use (2014) 9(2) JIPLP 104-106 (The Authors Guild, Inc v Google Inc, USDC SDNY 05 Civ 8136 (DC), 14 November 2013)
4. Brussels I Regulation and Online Copyright Infringement: ‘Intention to Target’ Approach Rejected (2014) 9(1) JIPLP 18-19 (Peter Pinckney v KDG Mediatech AG, C-170/12, EU:C:2013:635) [cited in Advocate General's Opinion in Concurrence, C-618/15, EU:C:2016:843]

1. US Supreme Court Holds First Sale Doctrine Applicable to Works Lawfully Made Abroad (2013) 8(8) JIPLP 590-591 (Kirtsaeng v John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 568 US __ (2013))
2. Amazon’s Use of Term “Appstore” is not Deceptive (2013) 8(7) JIPLP 511-512 (Apple Inc v Amazon.com Inc, No C 11-1327 PJH (N D Cal, Jan 2, 2013))
3. First Circuit Applies Idea/Expression Dichotomy and Originality to News Photographs (2013) 8(5) JIPLP 356-357 (Donald A Harney v Sony Pictures Television, Inc, and A&E Television Networks, LLC, No 11-1760 (1st Cir, Jan 7, 2013))

1. Exhaustion also Applies to First Sale of Downloaded Software (2012) 7(11) JIPLP 786-788 (UsedSoft GmbH v Oracle International Corp, C-128/11, EU:C:2012:407)
2. US District Court Explains Idea/Expression Dichotomy in Videogames (2012) 7(10) JIPLP 713-714 (Tetris Holding, LLC and The Tetris Company, LLC v Xio Interactive, LLC, USDC D New Jersey, 30 May 2012)
3. ECJ Interprets InfoSoc Exception for Ephemeral Recordings (2012) 7(8) JIPLP 557-559 (DR and TV2 Danmark v NCB, C-510/10, EU:C:2012:244)
4. On Netlog, ACTA and the Scope of IPR Injunctions in the EU (2012) 2(3) QMJIP 297-304 (SABAM v Netlog, C-360/10, EU:C:2012:85)
5. US Supreme Court Says Public Domain Works May Return to Copyright (2012) 7(4) JIPLP 238-239 (Golan v Holder, 565 US __ (2012))

1. Yahoo! Liable for Contributory Infringement by Display of Links to Infringing Websites (2011) 6(8) JIPLP 521-523 (Tribunale di Roma, PFA Films Srl v Google Italy, Microsoft Srl and Yahoo! Italia Srl, ordinanza 20 March 2011)
2. Relighting a Lamp: The CJEU on Revived Protection for Expired Design Rights (2011) 384 ITMA Review 14-16 (Flos v Semeraro Casa e Famiglia, C-168/09, EU:C:2011:29)

• The Proposed Press Publishers’ Right: An Actual Solution?, in Better Regulation for Copyright: Academics meet Policy Makers, European Parliament, Brussels (Belgium), 6 September 2017

1. The Exception for Text and Data Mining (TDM) in the Proposed Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market - Technical Aspects (European Parliament:2018)
2. To What Extent Do Current Exclusions and Limitations to Copyright Strike a Fair Balance between the Rights of Owners and Fair Use by Private Individuals and Others? - UK Report (Ligue Internationale de Droit de la Concurrence:2017)
3. FAQs on Copyright – United Kingdom (European Union Intellectual Property Office:2016)
4. Copyright Issues Facing Early Stages of Digitization Projects; Exploitation of Cultural Content and Licensing Models (University of Cambridge:2013)